PROTECTION DES OCÉANS : Un enjeu mondial joué sous la surface
PUITS ET FORAGE : Source d’eau pour les maraichers en période de sécheresse
L’irrigation est une nécessité pour la production maraichère surtout en période de sécheresse. Face à ce besoin, les maraichers se retournent vers des sources d’eau souterraines pour assurer la disponibilité de l’eau à leurs cultures.
Les puits et les forages constituent une source d’eau importante pour les maraichers en période de sécheresse. Contrairement aux sources d’eau de surface comme les rivières et les lacs, les sources d’eau souterraines ne sont pas soumises à l’évaporation en période de sécheresse, ce qui les rend plus fiables pour l’irrigation. Dans les zones rurales où l’accès à l’eau est limité, ou même en milieu urbain, de nombreux maraichers ont recours à ces sources d’eau souterraines pour irriguer leurs cultures. Maxime Comlan KADJA est un maraîcher rencontré le long de la route des pêches à Cotonou. Il confie : « on utilise le forage, c’est avec des motos pompes que l’eau est remontée à la surface et répartie dans les bassins. » A en croire ses propos, cette eau est ensuite acheminée jusqu’aux cultures par des tuyaux, ou manuellement à l’aide des arrosoirs. Tout ceci permet au maraicher qu’il est de diversifier ses cultures et d’augmenter sa productivité.
Sur son site, les plants de laitue, les légumes, le chou, le poivron, bien verts sont visibles. Il peut ainsi se faire plus de revenus en les vendant après la récolte. En outre, ils sollicitent les services des spécialistes pour la mise en place de ces dispositifs. Cela sous-entend que ces systèmes peuvent être coûteux en termes d’investissement initial et de maintenance, ce qui peut limiter leur accessibilité pour les petits producteurs. Aussi, les agriculteurs doivent également faire face aux coûts d’entretien et de maintenance pour garantir un accès fiable et constant à l’eau souterraine.
« Si le forage n’est pas trop en profondeur, l’eau tarie en saison sèche, nous sommes obligés de refaire un autre forage »,
a dit Maxime Comlan KADJA, en révélant l’une des contraintes. Il est vrai que de tels dispositifs ont des avantages. D’abord, cela facilite la culture des légumes en contre saison, donc améliore la productivité, par conséquent la sécurité alimentaire. Il est donc crucial de soutenir les maraîchers locaux en leur fournissant des outils et des connaissances techniques pour améliorer leur capacité à faire face aux changements climatiques et à maintenir leur production.
Cédric Joawo BAKPE
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