PROTECTION DES ARBRES URBAINS
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<< Quand on surprend un individu qui commet un acte nuisible à un arbre, la loi lui est appliquée >> Simon AWOKOU
Avec Simon AWOKOU, Conservateur de première classe et directeur de reboisement et d’aménagement des eaux et forêts, nous abordons la question liée à la protection des arbres dans les grandes villes au Bénin et l’importance de leur préservation. Il explique dans cet interview le mécanisme en place, les sanctions pour les actes nuisibles et l’impact de la journée nationale de l’arbre.
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Cela fait 39 ans que le Bénin célèbre la Journée nationale de l’arbre. Selon vous, cette célébration a-t-elle un impact ?
Il me plait au prime abord de rappeler que cette journée a été instaurée depuis 1985 et chaque année ceci est suivi de campagne de reboisement. Parlant d’impact aujourd’hui, nous allons d’abord faire un retour en arrière sur les objectifs de départ qui était de faire connaître l’arbre à chaque béninois et lui expliquer surtout les vertus qu’un arbre peut nous apporter. C’était également de pouvoir faire comprendre ce que l’on peut gagner en investissant dans la culture du bois. Sur ces objectifs, je peux vous dire aujourd’hui en termes d’impact il faut noter que nous avions régulièrement célébrer les journées nationales de l’arbre, comme impact tout le commun des béninois sait aujourd’hui qu’il est important de planter un arbre, aujourd’hui tout le monde sait qu’à partir du 1er Juin, démarre la campagne de reboisement. Grâce à cette célébration, beaucoup de personnes ont également compris qu’on peut gagner de l’argent grâce au bois. Je pense que ce sont tant de choses positives qui sont arrivées depuis la célébration de la journée nationale de l’arbre au bénin. En matière d’exploitation forestière en 2022, nous avons noté que sur le volume de 120 mille mètres cubes de bois exporté, les privés ont exportés à peu près 70 pourcents de ce volume. Ce qui veut dire qu’il y a un métier qui a été créer et beaucoup jouissent de ce métier. Nous avons également réussi à joindre les acteurs de la société civile à notre cause, donc désormais ce n’est plus seulement l’administration qui sensibilise mais également la société civile.
Quel est le mécanisme mis en place pour protéger les arbres dans les grandes villes du Bénin ?
En ville, les arbres sont d’abord mis en place pour pouvoir bénéficier des soins des communes dans lesquelles ils se trouvent. Vous verrez que les directions techniques des mairies se penchent souvent sur l’entretien des arbres et les sections communales des eaux et forêts aussi s’occupent de leurs entretiens.
Protéger un arbre, c’est en prendre soin pour qu’il soit debout et qu’il ne soit pas victime d’un certain nombre de choses. Sa protection passe donc d’abord par l’aspect législatif, c’est-à-dire que la loi protège déjà les arbres donc tout citoyen béninois doit savoir qu’il ne faut pas poser des actes pour dégrader les arbres.
Quelles sont les insuffisances et les défis que vous avez identifiés pour la protection des arbres dans les villes?
Les quelques insuffisances que nous trouvons c’est surtout au niveau des plantations internes que nous avons au niveau des villes. Toutes les villes n’entretiennent pas les arbres après leurs plantations. Il y a aussi que nous avons en ville des populations qui ne veulent pas avoir d’arbre devant leur habitation et qui font donc tout pour que ces arbres meurent. Une difficulté majeure que nous rencontrons aussi dans notre mission, c’est la mise à disposition des terres sécurisées pour pouvoir continuer d’offrir aux communes des terres pour leur plantation d’arbres.
Quelles sanctions sont infligées aux personnes mal intentionnées qui nuisent au bien-être des arbres en ville ?
Lorsqu’une personne est prise en flagrant délit d’acte nuisible envers un arbre, la loi est appliquée avec la plus grande rigueur. Conformément à la loi 93009 du 2 juillet 1993 portant régime des forêts, il est interdit de mutiler, d’arracher ou de couper des arbres. En tenant compte de cette loi, des sanctions sont donc sévèrement appliquées à toute personne contrevenante. Je pense qu’il est essentiel d’éduquer d’abord la population, car il est primordial de prendre conscience de la nécessité de protéger les arbres, puis de veiller à leur bien-être afin de profiter de tous les avantages qu’ils offrent sur le plan écologique. J’adresse un appel aux citoyens béninois pour qu’ils adoptent un comportement responsable à l’égard des arbres, en particulier des arbres nouvellement plantés.
Pour la campagne nationale de reboisement, quelles sont les essences utilisées et comment sont-elles disponibles ?
Notre pays n’est pas arrosé de la même manière et les arbres également ne poussent pas de la même manière suivant le gradient pluviométrique, de ce fait, nous avons divers zones agro-écologiques. C’est donc selon chaque zone que les essences à promouvoir sont définies. Si vous êtes par exemple au nord, vous aurez à votre disposition le baobab qui est très disponible là-bas contrairement au sud ou nous retrouvons d’autre type d’essence. Nous avons près de 700 pépiniéristes à l’intérieur du pays, pour avoir ces essences il faudra juste vous rapprocher de ces pépiniéristes pour en avoir.
Un message final à la population béninoise concernant la plantation et l’entretien des arbres ?
Je voudrais saisir cette occasion pour lancer un appel à toute la population béninoise pour dire que dans le métier du bois il y a effectivement de la richesse et puis celui qui a planté un arbre n’a pas vécu inutilement. J’encourage la plantation et l’entretien d’arbres pour restaurer nos écosystèmes et préserver notre santé.
Propos recueillis Vanessa ZANNOU
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