CULTURE DE LA PASTEQUE : Une manne financière pour les acteurs
![CULTURE DE LA PASTEQUE : Une manne financière pour les acteurs](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hhyyh.jpeg)
Rangée dans le groupe des fruits, la pastèque est une culture très consommée au Bénin. Elle fait partie des cultures maraîchères dont la production peut générer de gros revenus aux acteurs.
![](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/hhyyh.jpeg)
Rodrigue Odilon Fiodessihoue
La pastèque est une source de richesse pour ceux qui s’y intéressent. Communément appelée « Fari », la pastèque est une culture de la famille des Cucurbitacées cultivée principalement pour sa chaire sucrée très hydratante riche en vitamines, en protéines et sels minéraux. Elle préfère des sols à texture sableuse riche en matières organiques. Pour la préparation du sol il faut défricher et déssoucher à la houe ou à la daba. Faire un labour léger ; confectionner des trous écartés de 0,5 à 1 m sur ligne. Au Bénin, la pastèque est cultivée à petite échelle.
En moyenne, selon la fiche technico-économique de la pastèque, pour un hectare, une production de 11 tonnes permet de dégager un produit brut de 1.785.000 F Cfa pour 235.000 F Cfa de charges et donc une marge brute de 1.550.000 F Cfa et un ratio produits/charges supérieur à 2.
Contraintes de production
Dans la production de la pastèque, les producteurs rencontrent quelques contraintes. L’une des contraintes est la recherche de la terre adéquate. Car elle ne se cultive que sur les sols sableux riches en matières organiques. Il y a également la cassure de certaines branches des feuilles de pastèque en période de le harmattan qui entraîne la perte de cette dernière et de surcroît le fanage de la culture. Il y a également comme l’a dit l’entrepreneur agricole « Le vol, car la pastèque attire les voleurs ». Il y a aussi le faible écoulement des pastèques dans les marchés ce qui entraine des pourritures. Hougnon Rose est formatrice certifiée à Agroforma, donne les types de ravageurs de la pastèque. Il s’agit des pucerons qui sont des suceurs de sève qui peuvent transmettre des virus aux plantes à travers le dépôt collant du miellat sur la pastèque, des mouches blanches susceptibles d’engendrer des maladies, les altises qui se nourrissent de des feuilles ce qui cause des dommages aux jeunes plantes et les chenilles légionnaires qui se nourrissent des feuilles et des tiges. Comme autres contraintes on note le difficile accès au fumier bien décomposé, de compost et d’engrais bio complet car la pastèque a des besoins importants en matières organiques. Nonobstant ces contraintes la pastèque peut faire rêver aux jeunes maraîchers par sa marge bénéficiaire très intéressant.
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