GLAUCOME : Une perte de vision pouvant aller jusqu’à la cécité permanente
![GLAUCOME : Une perte de vision pouvant aller jusqu’à la cécité permanente](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/GLAUCOME.jpg)
Le glaucome est une maladie oculaire souvent méconnue, qui touche surtout les personnes âgées. Il peut entraîner une perte de vision progressive et irréversible s’il n’est pas diagnostiqué et traité à temps. Quelles sont les solutions disponibles pour protéger la vue contre cette maladie chronique ?
Dépistage du glaucome en Afrique
Oyéyèmi AGANI
Dans le monde entier, des millions de personnes souffrent du glaucome sans s’en rendre compte. Une maladie sournoise qui peut frapper à tout âge, mais est plus fréquente chez les personnes âgées. Selon le promoteur du cabinet d’ophtalmologie saint Lucie, elle se caractérise par des dommages progressifs au nerf optique, souvent associés à une pression intraoculaire élevée. Ce qui entraîne une altération du champ de vision. A l’occasion du treizième congrès de la Société Africaine Francophone d’Ophtalmologie (SAFO), tenu à Lomé, du 3 au 6 décembre 2017, les experts en ophtalmologie de l’Afrique francophone ont insisté sur l’importance du dépistage précoce pour freiner l’évolution du glaucome en Afrique subsaharienne.
En se basant sur une récente étude publiée par l’American Academy of Ophthalmology, qui indique que le nombre de personnes atteintes par le glaucome devrait passer de 64,3 millions en 2013 à 111,8 millions en 2040, avec un taux de prévalence plus élevé en Afrique que dans les autres régions du monde.Contrairement à la prévalence mondiale estimée à 3,54%, celle de la zone Afrique pourrait atteindre 4,79%, selon cette étude qui précise que sur le continent, l’Afrique de l’Ouest devrait enregistrer un taux de prévalence plus élevé que celui de l’Afrique de l’Est et du Centre.
Pour Alassane Wade, ophtalmologue et enseignant-chercheur dans les universités du Sénégal, ces prévisions placent désormais le glaucome au cœur des préoccupations de santé publique dans les pays de l’Afrique subsaharienne.
« Les causes exactes du glaucome restent encore mal comprises, mais on pense généralement que la pression intraoculaire élevée de risque majeur », informe le promoteur. Cependant, il existe également des formes de glaucome où la pression oculaire n’est pas élevée, ce qui rend le diagnostic encore plus difficile. D’autres facteurs de risque incluent l’hérédité, les antécédents familiaux de glaucome, certaines maladies oculaires préexistantes et même certains médicaments. Les conséquences du glaucome peuvent être dévastatrices. « Au fur et à mesure que la maladie progresse, la vision périphérique commence à diminuer, ce qui peut passer inaperçu pendant de nombreuses années », a-t-il confié.
Par ailleurs, si elle n’est pas traitée, la perte de vision peut s’aggraver jusqu’à une cécité permanente.Toutefois, le glaucome peut être traité efficacement s’il est diagnostiqué tôt. Les examens réguliers chez les ophtalmologistes sont essentiels. Cependant, le glaucome peut être prévenir à l’aide notamment de l’alimentation et des compléments alimentaires à bases de plante. Pour des yeux en bonne santé, mieux vaut privilégier les aliments riches en vitamines A, B et E ainsi qu’en oméga-3 et antioxydant, comme la carotte et la pomme mais aussi les noix et certains poissons. Ajouter à tout cela, l’utilisation des huiles essentielle de citron, de girole, d’hélichryse corse, de cyprès et d’encenspermettent de lutter contre le glaucome.
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