CONSOMMATION D’ALCOOL PENDANT LA GROSSESSE : Une pratique courante mais préjudiciable à la santé du bébé
![CONSOMMATION D’ALCOOL PENDANT LA GROSSESSE : Une pratique courante mais préjudiciable à la santé du bébé](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/WhatsApp-Image-2023-08-30-at-17.58.59-1.jpeg)
La consommation d’alcool est commune à l’homme comme à la femme. Une pratique dont les conséquences constituent un secret de polichinelle. Mais, le comble réside dans le fait que chez les femmes, c’est plus grave que ce l’on en pensait. L’alcool a un effet austère sur les femmes enceintes et néanmoins, c’est remédiable.
![](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/WhatsApp-Image-2023-08-30-at-17.58.59-1-1024x505.jpeg)
Oyéyèmi AGANI
Il est courant de voir de nos jours des femmes enceintes qui consomment de l’alcool, sachant bien qu’aucune quantité de ce liquide ne peut être consommée sans danger durant la grossesse. « La malformation physique et les troubles mentaux chez les enfants sont souvent dus à une exposition à l’alcool in utéro », a indiqué la sage-femme Mireille Danssi. Malgré la préconisation d’abstinence totale pendant la grossesse, la consommation de l’alcool perdure dans le rang des femmes enceintes. Cette pratique est en effet à l’origine des troubles irréversibles pour les enfants à naître, dont à l’extrême le syndrome d’alcoolisation fœtale (SAF). Les risques liés à la consommation d’alcool pendant la grossesse sont encore trop sous-estimés à l’ère actuelle dans les pays sous-développés. Il est à rappeler que le syndrome d’alcoolisation fœtale est l’ensemble des troubles causés par l’alcoolisation fœtale qui désigne toutes les répercussions (physiques, cognitives et comportementales) liées à l’exposition à l’alcool pendant la grossesse. L’alcool bu par la mère lors de la grossesse passe aussi dans le sang du fœtus et affecte le développement de ce dernier.
En outre, cette pratique à lourde conséquence, mais ignorée par plus d’uns. Pendant la grossesse, la consommation de l’alcool multiplie les risques de fausse couche par trois (03) et un accouchement prématuré par deux (02). « Elle peut entraîner des difficultés d’apprentissage, des troubles de la mémoire ou du comportement », laisse entendre la sage-femme. Aussi, l’alcool transmis au fœtus par sa consommation dès la grossesse est éliminé lentement, car son foie est insuffisamment développé. Pour éviter tout risque lié à la santé du bébé, il est recommandé aux femmes enceintes de s’abstenir de toute consommation d’alcool dès le début de leur grossesse et pendant toute sa durée. « Si l’arrêt de l’alcool est difficile, voire impossible pour certaines femmes enceintes, elles peuvent en parler et être accompagnées par les professionnels de santé qui suivent leur grossesse, éclaircir la sage-femme Dansi.
C’est donc dans cette logique que l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) a choisie la journée du 9 septembre pour célébrer les conséquences néfastes de l’alcool consommé pendant la grossesse sur le fœtus. Ce serait l’occasion d’informer le grand public et les professionnels concernés sur les séquelles potentielles d’une exposition prénatale à l’alcool.
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