Fluctuation du prix du Gombo : Une situation désavantageuse pour les ménages
Le gombo fait partie des légumes fruits les plus consommés dans les zones chaudes et humides au regard des nombreuses vertus qu’il possède. Cependant sa consommation devient de plus en plus rare à cause de sa cherté.
Vanessa ZANNOU
Parmi les spéculations maraîchères les plus vendues au marché Dantokpa, on trouve le crincrin et le gombo. Ils proviennent de certaines localités du pays, notamment l’Ouémé et l’Atlantique, dans les villages de Dangbo, Azové, Azowlissé, Tori, Allada, et d’autres. Ces produits ont des origines différentes et chacun a ses particularités.
En effet, le marché des grossistes du gombo s’anime au bord des caniveaux, dans un lieu communément appelé SOFRADOTO, en face du CEG DANTOKPA. On peut y voir plusieurs vendeuses se plaignant de la mévente actuelle. Selon elles, le gombo devient rare ces derniers temps. Seule la variété des tofinou est abondante sur le marché. La variété adja est encore en pleine récolte.
« Le prix du gombo tofinou est actuellement de 7000 F CFA, 10 000 F CFA, voire 11 000 F CFA, selon la quantité dans le panier »,
informe une revendeuse de gombo. Selon elle, cette même variété était disponible à 2 500 F CFA, voire 3000 F CFA par panier il y a quelques mois.
Plusieurs facteurs influencent la variation du prix du gombo. Celui-ci diffère selon les localités et les saisons.
« Pendant la saison sèche, le gombo ne germe pas car il a besoin d’un endroit humide. Il germe pendant les périodes de pluie et de rosée. La raison pour laquelle il est cher actuellement sur le marché, c’est parce que pendant la saison sèche précédente, les anciennes cultures n’ont pas pu germer et les cultures sont mortes, c’est pourquoi nous souffrons aujourd’hui »,
explique-t-elle. Beaucoup de personnes achètent et stockent le gombo en prévision de la période de pénurie, afin de profiter de la hausse des prix. « Si aujourd’hui, le gombo est disponible sur le marché, c’est parce que les producteurs de la variété tofinou en avaient en stock. Maintenant, ce sont ceux de la variété adja qui ont commencé la récolte, et là encore, le panier est à 12 000 F CFA. Ce prix n’inclut pas les coûts de transport pour le chargement et le déchargement des sacs. Pour la vente au détail, parfois six (06) à huit (08) font 100 F CFA », explique Maman Bèti, revendeuse de cette spéculation.
La variété tofinou est disponible à Sofradoto, tandis que la variété adja est vendue à Djidjè et Attissodji. Selon les différents témoignages recueillis, la situation pourrait changer d’ici la fin ou le début du mois de juillet.
En ce qui concerne les revenus quotidiens, bien que leurs revenus provenant de la vente du gombo ne soient pas suffisants ces derniers temps, en général, ils sont diversifiés et utilisés par les vendeuses. Ces revenus leur permettent de subvenir à leurs besoins, d’assurer la prise en charge de leurs familles et de couvrir certaines dépenses sociales. L’autre partie est investie dans des activités génératrices de revenus ou épargnée.
« L’analyse de la rentabilité du gombo montre que la superficie moyenne cultivée est de 1358,9 m2, la quantité produite est en moyenne de 1699 kg d’oignon par cycle de production, ce qui correspond à un produit brut de 211 800 FCFA. La production de gombo permet à chaque producteur de créer une valeur ajoutée moyenne de 100 FCFA/kg et de réaliser une marge nette de 75 FCFA/kg. C’est dans le groupe des communes intermédiaires (groupe 2 : production moyenne) que la marge nette est la plus élevée (115 FCFA/kg) pour la production de gombo »,
selon le rapport (juillet 2019) d’étude d’identification et de caractérisation des flux des produits maraîchers entre le Bénin, le Togo, le Nigeria, le Burkina Faso et le Niger, du Projet d’Appui au Développement du Maraîchage (PADMAR).
Par ailleurs, le gombo est largement consommé comme une sauce accompagnant la pâte. Le gombo est découpé (les deux extrémités sont jetées) et cuit dans de l’eau avec un peu de potasse ou de bicarbonate. Le résultat est une sauce gluante assaisonnée de poisson séché, de crevettes, de moutarde africaine, etc. Cette sauce, combinée à la sauce tomate (avec viande ou poisson) ou seule, accompagnée de pâte de maïs ou d’un autre type, constitue le plat africain par excellence, notamment au Bénin. Le gombo occupe une place primordiale dans les habitudes alimentaires de nombreux Béninois. De plus, avec une petite superficie cultivable, les producteurs peuvent déjà subvenir aux besoins de leurs familles et réaliser de bonnes recettes.
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