PROTECTION DES OCÉANS : Un enjeu mondial joué sous la surface
OIGNON EN AFRIQUE : une opportunité florissante pour l’agrobusiness
Largement consommé en Afrique, le continent reste tout de même en retrait sur le marché mondial en raison des défis de stockage. Les producteurs sont incités à maîtriser les processus de conservation et de transformation pour valoriser leur récolte.
Un tas d’oignon
Ruth EDOH
A la fois un légume et un aromate universel, l’oignon est un légume racine et un condiment en même temps. Il est indispensable dans nos alimentations et entre dans la composition de la majorité des plats sur le continent africain. Facile à cultiver, les oignons existent sous de multiples formes et couleurs (blancs, rouges, jaunes). Il existe également une multitude de variétés locales et ces variétés se différencient par leur forme, par leur taille, par leur parfum et également par leur couleur.
En 2019, la Chine était le premier producteur d’oignons avec près de 25 millions de tonnes. La Chine est suivie de l’Inde avec 22 millions de tonnes, puis les États-Unis et l’Égypte qui produisent chacun 3 millions de tonnes environ. Il faut savoir que le continent africain occupe une place inférieure sur le marché mondial. Ceci notamment en raison de la non-maîtrise des méthodes de stockage et de conservation. « La cuisine africaine utilise les oignons dans presque tous les plats dont sa consommation est très élevée, ce qui en fait un véritable marché dynamique et florissant » a notifié Celine Sonon, technicien agricole.
« Si vous vous engagez à cultiver l’oignon, il faut bien maîtriser les processus de stockage et de conservation, ainsi que ceux de sa transformation, donc de sa valorisation. » a laissé entendre Lekia Kotedji, productrice d’oignon à Malanville. En Afrique, le Sénégal est le plus grand consommateur d’oignons car elle constitue l’ingrédient de base du plat national appelé poulet yassa. Chaque année, près de 30 % de la production d’oignons est perdue. En fait, la filière souffre de pertes de production importantes dues à de mauvais produits. Seulement en juillet dernier au Benin, suite à la fermeture des frontières entre le Benin et le Niger, plusieurs camions ont été pourrir sans que rien ne puisse être fait. Pour les producteurs d’oignon, il est important de penser à la conservation, le stockage.
En effet, L’oignon peut se transformer en plusieurs produits (surgelé, frit, en poudre, séché). Par exemple, ceux qui sont producteurs de cubes, sont des clients intéressés par l’oignon en poudre.
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