TROU GEANT D’OZONE EN ANTARCTIQUE : Une amplification du réchauffement planétaire en devenir
![TROU GEANT D’OZONE EN ANTARCTIQUE : Une amplification du réchauffement planétaire en devenir](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/00000025.jpg)
Depuis une vingtaine d’années, la couche d’ozone est victime d’un trou au-dessus de l’Antarctique. Mais cette année, l’ouverture a été tardive et large. Que faire pour arrêter l’évolution de ce trou ?
![](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/00000025.jpg)
Stag Watson Sama
La couche d’ozone est constituée de l’ozone stratosphérique que l’on trouve à une altitude comprise entre 10 et 40 kilomètres qui protège toutes les formes de vie contre une surexposition aux rayons Ultraviolets nocifs du soleil. Dans la haute atmosphère, les énergies portées par le rayonnement solaire est suffisante pour briser une partie des molécules de dioxygène qui s’y trouvent. En effet, cette partie de la planète est détruite et la terre souffre de son réchauffement. Pourtant, la couche d’ozone dans certaines parties de la stratosphère s’est rétablie à un rythme de 1 à 3 % par décennie depuis 2000 d’après un communiqué de l’ONU. Le trou d’Ozone refait surface et s’agrandit encore plus au-dessus de l’Antarctique. Ce phénomène saisonnier est constaté au niveau du pôle avec une perte importante de l’ozone. Ce trou hors norme s’est creusé en raison de la température trop élevée. Selon les chercheurs, le trou s’est ouvert plus tardivement en septembre, signe d’un rétablissement attribué à la CFC.
Des solutions solides pour réduire la progression
Des mesures sont prises pour arrêter la progression de ce géant trou, responsable de la destruction de la couche engendrant le réchauffement planétaire. En 2016, l’amendement de Kigali a été adopté pour éliminer progressivement les hydrofluorocarbones (HFC), de puissant gaz à effet de serre utilisés pour remplacer les substances appauvrissant la couche interdite dans les réfrigérateurs et les congélateurs. Aussi, les aérosols doivent être bannis selon les scientifiques car elles sont l’une des principales causes de l’expansion du trou d’ozone après le Chlorofluorocarbone (CFC) et les halons. D’après le protocole de Montréal, la protection de la couche d’ozone auraient réduit le réchauffement planétaire, un objectif qui devrait être atteint d’ici 2066. Pourtant toutes ces alternatives jugées efficaces demeurent loin de combler les attentes à cause de sa faible application qui doivent être revue aux prochaines assises sur le climat.
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