LE TOURNESOL: Une plante aux vertus peu connues
![LE TOURNESOL: Une plante aux vertus peu connues](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/tournesol.jpg)
Le « tournesol » une grande plante scientifiquement appelée Helianthus annuus, connue sous les noms « hélianthe » et « soleil » appartenant à la famille des Astéracées, dont les fleurs sont groupées en capitules de grandes dimensions. Yélian Martine AWELE vous amène à la découverte de cette espèce de plante.
![](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/tournesol-1024x768.jpg)
Yélian Martine AWELE
Le tournesol se développe bien dans de nombreux types de sols. Les sols qui conviennent pour le maïs, mil, ou coton le sont également pour la production de tournesol. Le tournesol aime beaucoup la lumière et peut-être heureux dans un pot de 30 cm de diamètre sur le balcon ou directement en pleine terre dans le jardin. Lorsqu’il est semé en pot, on a la possibilité d’utiliser du terreau universel mélangé à de la terre. Pour le semis, il faut simplement creuser un petit trou de 3 cm de profondeur et semer les graines en poquets : déposer 2/3 graines de tournesol dans chaque trou et laisser environ 20 cm entre chaque trou. Comme les courgettes, le tournesol est gourmand. Ainsi, faille-t-il enrichir régulièrement la terre avec un peu de compost ; bien arroser au début de la pousse, et s’assurer que l’eau s’écoule bien pour ne pas noyer la plante. La terre ne doit jamais être trop sèche. Une fois que les premières pousses apparaissent, il faut retirer celles qui semblent les plus faibles pour laisser la place aux autres de grandir.
Au Bénin, il est cultivé au centre RichAgri-FRIDA dont le promoteur est Imorou WOROU BOURRO entrepreneur agricole, instigateur des femmes de Nikki au maraichage. Ce centre s’intéresse en substance à la culture de cette plante inédite peu connue par la population béninoise. Cette mise en place d’une « nouvelle culture au Centre de Formation de Renforcement et d’Innovation dans le Domaine Agricole (RichAgri-FRIDA) fait partir de nos innovations » a renchéri le maître entrepreneur. Il œuvre infatigablement pour redorer le blason de cette plante à l’instar de certaines cultures au Bénin. Il poursuit en disant « nous ferons de telle sorte que la culture du tournesol soit effective et abondante dans la commune de Nikki comme celle du soja, du maïs et d’autres légumes d’ici 10ans afin de faire d’elle aussi une culture phare dans l’agrobusiness de notre cher pays ». Par ailleurs, il est recommandé de planter les tournesols avec les enfants car ils s’émerveillent devant leurs belles fleurs jaunes au symbole du soleil qu’on voit dans les champs. Le tournesol est très utile pour l’homme à maints égards.
Les merveilles de la plante
Les graines sont utilisées pour produire de l’huile de tournesol, car elles sont composées de près de 40{e43727ebdf1c82cdaf05db1b2e953f1c6b388407dfc0230603c9b856384b4112} d’huile. Elles se reconnaissent par leur coque noire. D’un autre côté, la graine de tournesol de bouche qui se consomme facilement à l’apéritif ou en guise d’en-cas, est composée de 30{e43727ebdf1c82cdaf05db1b2e953f1c6b388407dfc0230603c9b856384b4112} d’huile. Sa coque est blanche ou brune avec des rayures. Selon Clarisse Makponssè, nutritionniste, les valeurs nutritionnelles de la graine de tournesol sont très intéressantes. En effet, les graines de tournesol sont composées de: 17{e43727ebdf1c82cdaf05db1b2e953f1c6b388407dfc0230603c9b856384b4112} de protéines végétales, 21{e43727ebdf1c82cdaf05db1b2e953f1c6b388407dfc0230603c9b856384b4112} de glucides, près de 12{e43727ebdf1c82cdaf05db1b2e953f1c6b388407dfc0230603c9b856384b4112} de fibres. Sa valeur énergétique est en moyenne de 600 calories pour 100 grammes. Toutefois, il ne faut pas non plus en abuser. C’est pourquoi Grégoire SAGBO, médecin généraliste recommande de consommer environ 15g de graines de tournesol par jour.
![](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/graine-tournesol.jpg)
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