PENURIE D’HUILE DE TOURNESOL : Une retombée de la guerre ukrainienne ?
![PENURIE D’HUILE DE TOURNESOL : Une retombée de la guerre ukrainienne ?](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/huile-de-tournesol.jpg)
L’huile de tournesol est une huile végétale obtenue à partir des graines de tournesol qui sont globalement récoltées en septembre et octobre. Il existe deux sortes d’huile de tournesol dont les compositions varient sensiblement : l’huile de tournesol dite « linoélique », et l’huile de tournesol dite « oléique ».
![](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/huile-de-tournesol-1024x1024.jpg)
Yélian Martine AWELE
Pour produire l’huile du tournesol, il faut 1tonne de tournesol pour 390 litres d’huile, soit environ 2,5 KG POUR 1 litre. Les grains de tournesol traversent la presse. Selon Imorou WOROU BOURRO, promoteur du centre RichAgri-, FRIDA, Entrepreneur agricole, c’est un procédé de vissage écrase le grain et fit couler la première version de l’huile, mêlée d’une sorte de sédiment noir, que l’on appelle le pied de presse. Ensuite, cette première huile est brassée dans une cuve, puis envoyée dans une machine à filtration naturelle. C’est le propre sédiment de l’huile qui va créer la filtration. En passant dans des cadres en toile, le sédiment se fixe sur la toile et colmate les trous du tissu, empêchant ainsi les déchets éventuels de traverser. On arrive alors à extraire une huile très pure, qui passe encore par 3 autres filtres, pour finir parfaitement propre. L’écorce quant à elle est évacuée lors de la presse. Ecrasée, elle compose une pâte noire et sèche ; tourteau. C’est un aliment pour bétail très demandé des éleveurs du coin, car sa qualité est bien meilleure que celle des tourteaux industriels. « Nous avons d’ailleurs plus de demande de tourteau que d’huile, l’équilibre de fabrication est difficile à trouver » affirme le promoteur.
A la question de savoir la raison pour laquelle cette huile est bien meilleure au goût que les huiles de commerce, l’expert affirme : « notre huile est pressée à froid. Dans les productions industrielles, on presse à chaud et à l’extrême, pour retirer plus d’huile du grain. Mais on perd des qualités nutritives, c’est vraiment dommage. Aussi, notre tournesol est oléique ». C’est « une variété qui donne une huile bien plus riche en oméga 6 et 9, et également plus riche en goût » a-t-il ajouté.
Les merveilles de l’huile
L’huile de tournesol bio : un véritable allié en cosmétique. « Elle est une excellente base comme huile de massage, si elle est extraite en première pression à froid » a déclaré la Nutritionniste Clarisse Makponssè.
En effet, elle est une huile dite « sèche » qui pénètre rapidement l’épiderme et ne laisse pas de sensation de gras après application. Très riche en vitamine E et en oméga -6, elle est adoucissante, anti-déshydratante (comme toute huile), nourrissante. Sa fluidité, son odeur agréable et son faible coût en font une huile très intéressante aux huiles essentielles. Elle convient à tous les types de peau, et notamment aux peaux sèches et très sèches, confirme-t-elle. Utiliser la plante du soleil pour mieux briller en été, c’est possible. « Lorsque l’on parle d’huile de tournesol bio, cela veut dire que le producteur a suivi un certain processus lors de la culture, la récolte et la transformation des graines de tournesol » explique. Imorou WOROU BOURRO, promoteur du centre RichAgri-, FRIDA, Entrepreneur agricole. Selon les statistiques, l’Ukraine est le plus grand producteur de tournesol au monde avec 13626890 tonnes de volume de production par an. La Fédération de Russie arrive en deuxième position avec 11010197 tonnes de de production annuelle. L’Ukraine et la Fédération de Russie produisent ensemble plus de 50 {e43727ebdf1c82cdaf05db1b2e953f1c6b388407dfc0230603c9b856384b4112} du total mondial.
Cependant, les fabricants de cosmétiques demandent le remplacement de l’huile dans leurs recettes. L’ingrédient se fait de plus en plus rare, à la suite de mauvaises récoltes et à cause de la guerre entre la Russie et l’Ukraine, deux grands producteurs. Jean-Marc Giroux, président de Cosmed, association des PME de la filière cosmétique, a annoncé le 10 mai dernier à nos confrères de « LSA Conso » qu’il a demandée au ministère de l’intérieur de pouvoir remplacer l’huile de tournesol dans les cosmétiques ».
« Face aux difficultés d’approvisionnement que nous rencontrons pour certains corps gras, nous avons demandé au ministère de l’économie de bénéficier des mêmes dérogations que les industriels de l’agroalimentaire. Nous espérons obtenir une réponse cette semaine » a-t-il affirmé.
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