PROTECTION DES OCÉANS : Un enjeu mondial joué sous la surface
HAUSSE DU PRIX DE L’ENGRAIS : Un fardeau pour les populations paysannes du nord Bénin
La croissance vigoureuse des produits agricoles nécessite l’utilisation périodique et opportune d’intrants agricoles. Les populations paysannes ne peuvent se passer de ces intrants, car ce sont eux qui favorisent la croissance rapide de leurs semences. Cependant, l’engrais utilisé dans les champs devient de plus en plus cher, et son accès n’est pas chose aisée.
Rodrigue Odilon Fiodessihoue
Alors que les pluies ont commencé, conformément aux attentes, les graines ont timidement commencé à germer, ce qui nécessite l’utilisation d’engrais chimiques. Comparativement aux années précédentes, où l’engrais était vendu partout sur les marchés à un prix abordable, la situation a changé récemment. L’engrais est désormais stocké dans des endroits auxquels les paysans doivent se rendre pour s’en procurer, faute de choix. La hausse des prix de l’engrais est devenue un fardeau de plus en plus lourd pour ces paysans qui souffrent.
Un entretien avec quelques paysans de Ouaké permet de voir la situation sous un autre angle. Il semblerait que l’engrais soit principalement destiné aux producteurs de coton, au détriment de ceux qui cultivent le maïs. Ces derniers sont contraints de se rendre au Togo pour acheter de l’engrais à un prix encore plus élevé que celui fixé au Bénin. Alayé Abdoulaye témoigne : « En parlant des nouvelles méthodes de vente et de prix, je dirais que cela ne favorise pas de nombreux cultivateurs, ce qui a conduit à ce que plusieurs se dirigent vers le Togo pour s’approvisionner à un coût de 18 000 F, tandis qu’au Bénin le prix est de 14 000 F. » Il ajoute :
« Nous ne pouvons pas en trouver, car le gouvernement a déclaré que seuls ceux qui cultivent le coton ont droit à l’engrais. Cela a poussé de nombreux agriculteurs qui ne cultivent pas le coton à se tourner vers le Togo pour s’approvisionner en engrais. »
On comprend ainsi que la stratégie adoptée ne leur permet pas d’accéder à l’engrais comme il se doit. Albert Sokossi explique que le coût de l’engrais était beaucoup plus abordable les années précédentes, mais cette année il a considérablement augmenté. « Cela pose un véritable problème pour nous, car nous achetions l’engrais à 12 000 F ou 13 000 F et nous avions la possibilité d’en acheter en grande quantité. Aujourd’hui, nous n’arrivons pas à obtenir la quantité souhaitée en raison des mesures prises par l’État. »
Une souffrance unanime mais vécue différemment
La réalité est différente à Parakou. Alors qu’à Ouaké, on est obligé de se rendre au Togo pour acheter de l’engrais à un prix exorbitant, à Parakou, l’obligation est d’acheter du maïs jaune à 3 500 F si l’on souhaite avoir accès à l’engrais. L’équipe du journal LE RURAL s’est rendue dans les locaux de la structure SODECO située dans le quartier Ladjifarani, et a constaté cette situation. Le sac d’engrais y est vendu à 14 000 F et chaque paysan a droit à seulement deux sacs, en plus de l’obligation d’acheter un sachet de maïs jaune. Certains paysans ne sont pas satisfaits car l’engrais est cher et ils sont contraints d’acheter du maïs jaune. En écoutant les discussions de certains paysans, on comprend que la hausse des prix ne satisfait personne et que le nombre de sacs d’engrais à acheter est limité, alors que certains ont des champs qui nécessitent une utilisation plus abondante d’engrais. Pour d’autres, cela reste difficile, car ils sont contraints d’acheter du maïs jaune alors que le programme d’achat de maïs a déjà été réalisé par plusieurs d’entre eux.
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