PRODUITS D’ORIGINE VÉGÉTALE AU BÉNIN : Le coton pèse 78,2% dans la balance des exportations
![PRODUITS D’ORIGINE VÉGÉTALE AU BÉNIN : Le coton pèse 78,2% dans la balance des exportations](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PRODUCTION-vegetale-793x560.jpg)
Même si la production cotonnière est en chute libre pour cette campagne 2023-2024, il n’en demeure pas moins qu économiquement la filière se porte mieux. Elle semble renflouer plus que jamais la caisse nationale et garder le flambeau sous régional. C’est du moins ce que confirme la détente numérale cardinale de son rendement depuis quelques années.
Jean-Baptiste HONTONNOU
Il y a quelques années, soit en 2020, le rendement par hectare du coton était de 1.074 kilogramme. Un peu plus bas en 2019, soit 1.032 kilogramme/hectare (kg/ha). Et si l’on doit se fier aux informations du document sur l’exportation des produits agricoles et taux d’autosuffisance dans certains produits en 2022 au Bénin, le rendement par hectare du coton est en hausse.
En guise de précision, les valeurs des exportations en 2021 et 2022 dépassent brièvement la moyenne des exportations de 2017 à 2022 qui est de 368,6 milliards FCFA. Ces valeurs sont visiblement inférieures à celles des exportations des produits agricoles dans le pays en 2021 qui s’établissent à 587,2 milliards FCFA. Il en ressort ainsi un déficit au niveau de la balance commerciale agricole qui s’élève à 165,05 milliards en 2022 contre 95,1 milliards en 2021. Par ailleurs, la valeur des produits agricoles dans les exportations totales du pays est de 75,38% en 2022 contre 71,97 en 2021. En fait, la valeur des exportations (tous produits confondus) en 2022 est évaluée à 560,1 milliards F CFA contre 568,8 milliards en 2021, selon les données de l’Institut national de la statistique et de la démographie (Instad). Elle représente 75,4 % de la valeur totale des exportations du pays en 2022 contre 72,0% en 2021. Alors, en prenant chaque produit d’exportation individuellement, l’écart en contribution paraît presque inévitable. Les barons du coton béninois (Président Talon et son acolyte Mathieu Adjovi) ont maintenir le cap.
En effet, de 2017 à 2022, la valeur des exportations de coton représente 54,8% de la valeur totale des exportations (tous produits confondus). De même, elle représente 78,2% de la valeur totale des exportations des produits d’origine végétale. Un culminant traduit en devise locale à plus de 709 milliards de FCFA grâce à la maestria des deux têtes de pont. En numéral, la valeur totale des exportations de coton en 2022 est de 362,39 milliards FCFA contre 347,09 FCFA en 2021, concluant ainsi un accroissement de 4,41%. Le coton confirme ainsi son statut du plus important produit d’exportation au Bénin et ce, au grand bonheur des acteurs de la filière.
L’écart se crée davantage entre d’autres produits d’exportations d’origine végétale
Au Bénin, la quasi-totalité des produits agricoles exportés sont d’origine végétale. Ils représentent 99,23% en 2022 contre 99,13%. Et si le coton représente à lui seul 78,2% de la valeur totale des exportations des produits d’origine végétale, qu’en est-il des autres produits, notamment l’anacarde qui est le deuxième produit d’exportation ?
En effet, les exportations de l’anacarde ont représenté 6,61% et 4,92% respectivement en 2021 et en 2022 de la valeur des exportations des produits agricoles au Bénin. Elle est donc en nette régression par rapport à la moyenne de 2017 à 2022 qui est de 12,07%. Il faut notifier que la valeur des exportations de l’anacarde qui était de 26,94 milliards FCFA en 2021 a connu une baisse et est passée à 20,62 milliards FCFA en 2022 et pour une moyenne de 2017 à 2022 de 41,69 milliards FCFA.
Pas trop loin de l’anacarde en régression, la part du karité dans la valeur des exportations des produits agricoles fait de lui le troisième produit agricole d’exportation au Bénin. De 2017 à 2022, il représente en moyenne 4,36%, soit 15,33 milliards FCFA de valeur moyenne pendant la période. Parlant du soja, qui est le quatrième produit d’exportation d’origine végétale, sa part moyenne dans les exportations des produits d’origine végétale de 2017 à 2022 est de 1,26%. Sa valeur a connu ainsi une augmentation de 12,45% entre 2021 et 2022. En effet, la valeur des exportations du soja qui était de 5.400.298.689 F CFA en 2021 est passée à 6.072.780.614 F CFA en 2022 en dessus de la valeur moyenne de 2017 à 2022 qui est de 4.504.400.624 F CFA. Du côté de l’ananas, l’on note une hausse d’environ 37% en 2022 de la valeur de ses exportations par rapport à 2021.
Eu donc égard à cet écart indiscutable entre le coton et les autres produits d’exportations d’origine végétale en termes de valeur totale des exportations de ces produits, l’on est en droit de repréciser que le magnat du coton a frappé fort. Patrice Talon et Mathieu Adjovi promettent ainsi des aventures financières plus mirobolantes pour le pays.
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