COMMERCIALISATION DES CRABES : Un appuie-main pour l’économie des ménages
![COMMERCIALISATION DES CRABES : Un appuie-main pour l’économie des ménages](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/COMMERCIALISATION-DES-CRABES-850x544.jpg)
En aquaculture, de nombreuses espèces de mollusques et crustacés sont élevées pour être consommées compte tenu de leurs propriétés nutritionnelles, ce qui apporte un soutien financier aux ménages. De nombreux marchés sont engagés à commercialiser du crabe.
Vanessa ZANNOU
Les crabes sont devenus un mets de choix, apprécié par de nombreuses personnes. « J’aime les crabes parce que cela contient du calcium. Elles ont un goût très appétissant surtout quand on le prend avec de la sauce gluante », Justine DJIKOU, amateur des crabes. De ce fait, sa commercialisation connait une croissance exponentielle, notamment dans les marchés.
Au Bénin, il a été répertorié de 2016 à 2020, dans le cas des travaux de recherche 14 espèces de crabes dont 7 nageurs et 7 marcheurs. Cet inventaire a été fait dans les deux grands milieux lagunaires. Trois espèces selon Eugène Comlan DESSOUASSI sont consommées par la population et exportées vers l’extérieur notamment le Togo, le Ghana et dans une faible mesure vers le Nigéria quand il y a manque de l’autre côté. En plus des trois espèces, le cardiosoma est aussi commercialisé vers ces mêmes pays.
En effet, une fois les crabes triés, ils sont acheminés vers les marchés où ils sont vendus aux consommateurs. Les marchés aux poissons sont animés, avec des étals remplis de ces crabes de toutes tailles. Les vendeurs proposent également d’autres fruits de mer pour d’éventuelles préparations culinaires à base de crabes. « Nous vendons l’unité de ces crabes à partir de 100F, 200 F voire 500F, ça dépend de la demande de l’acheteur », affirme GBELITE, revendeuse dans le marché Calavi Tokpa. Pour les vendeuses du marché, cette activité s’est révélée très bénéfique. « Depuis que nous vendons du crabe local, nos clients sont ravis », déclare Marie, vendeuse de poisson dans le même marché. « Ils apprécient la qualité et la fraîcheur du crabe, et cela se reflète dans nos ventes. Cela a également un impact positif sur notre marché ».
L’autre facteur favorisant la circulation de ce produit de mer est son apport nutritionnel à l’organisme humain. Selon Gloria PADONOU, nutritionniste Diététiste, les crabes sont riches en plusieurs vitamines. Les protéines qu’elles contiennent sont essentielles pour la constitution du corps et permet de mieux fabriquer la carrure et constituer chaque tissu du corps. Sa vitamine 12 est fondamentale en matière de maturation des cellules et « avec sa vitamine B6, on pourrait éviter des malformations ».
La connaissance de tous ses aspects fait que de plus en plus de personnes sont intéressées par la consommation des crabes, ce qui contribue aux ressources financières des vendeuses. À les entendre, le seul problème c’est la disponibilité de ces produits de mer. Mme Adoukonnou, vendeuse de crabe dans le marché d’Akassato se prononce en termes : « en saison pluvieuse, c’est difficile de trouver de crabe mais en saison sèche nous en trouvons mais c’est très cher ».
En réalité, il y a une période d’abondance dans les zones où ils sont pêchés et qui va de mars à juillet et parfois août. À cette période, toutes les tailles sont prélevées et capturées. Pour donc assurer la durabilité des ressources halieutiques, il faut attendre la taille de maturité et dont la carapace est de 11cm. Mais dans la pratique, les gens capturent des crabes dont la longueur de leur carapace est inférieure à 9,86 cm, ce qui ne devrait pas être le cas. « Sur ce point de vue, les crabes ne sont pas pêchés au Bénin pour assurer une durabilité. Il urge donc que l’État prenne des arrêtés spécifiques sur la pêche de ces espèces. C’est le grand défi qui mérite d’être relevé », dixit Dr Eugène Comlan DESSOUASSI, spécialiste des questions de pêche, aménagement et gestion des ressources naturelles.
Il faut noter que comme tous les autres crustacés, la commercialisation du crabe dans les marchés est un pas en avant vers la promotion de la pêche et du commerce durable. Elle favorise également la consommation de produits frais et encourage les consommateurs à soutenir l’économie locale.
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