RÉCIFS CORALLIENS : Une menace à prendre au sérieux
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Les écosystèmes coralliens rendent de nombreux services aussi bien pour les poissons que les humains. Majoritairement menacés dans le monde, de nombreuses actions doivent être mises en place pour inverser la tendance.
Les coraux
Watson SAMA
Les coraux sont menacés partout dans le monde et disparaissent inexorablement. D’après un rapport des Nations Unies, 70% des coraux dans le monde sont en voie de disparition. En effet, 20% sont déjà détruits sans espoir d’amélioration, 24% sous le risque et 26%supplémentaires sont menacés à long terme. Par ailleurs, 40% de la population mondiale vit à 100 km d’un océan et donc l’effondrement des écosystèmes côtiers est particulièrement problématique. Selon une étude publiée par le PLOS Climate par le biais des chercheurs de l’Université de Leeds, 99% des coraux du monde entier ne résisteront pas au changement climatique. Pourtant, les structures récifales protègent les communautés côtières des vagues lors des tempêtes, se transforment en sable qui se dépose sur les plages et sont une source importante de revenus pour le commerce. Aussi, les coraux contiennent des molécules ayant des propriétés anti-inflammatoires, antivirales, anti-tumorales et antibactériennes. Cependant, il est donc important de protéger ces coraux.
Pour mieux protéger les récifs coralliens
D’après les recherches effectuées à l’Institut Océanographique de Monaco, les récifs coralliens auront plus de chance d’être préservés grâce à la protection des aires marines et des zones de refuge notamment celles de la zone mésophotique. Les coraux qui s’y trouvent sont moins vulnérables au blanchiment et ainsi susceptibles de servir de réservoir pour favoriser la recolonisation des zones dégradées. Essayer de restaurer les récifs dégradés par les activités humaines et créer un conservatoire mondial de corail. Outre ces solutions, il faut bannir les composants chimiques et toxiques pour la faune marine dans les crèmes solaires. Également, faire reproduire les coraux avant de les réimplanter. Il faut limiter les émissions en CO2, afin d’inverser la courbe du changement et sans oublier la mise en place de systèmes d’épuration des eaux ou encore la baisse de la déforestation, pour éviter d’étouffer les coraux.
Les huîtres accrochées aux mangroves
Innovation sur la technique de collecte des huîtres pour la survie des mangroves
Au Bénin, plusieurs actions ont été menées pour apporter les nouvelles techniques de pêche des huîtres commercialisés peu à peu selon Ebénézer Houndjinou, coordonnateur de Corde ONG. En effet, il s’agit de la maîtrise de la production des huîtres afin de suppléer la nature. Par ailleurs, des mesures d’accompagnement de la population ont été mise en place pour l’élevage de cette mollusque. « La technique consiste à produire des guirlandes, sur lesquelles des ficelles seront étalées et de façon linéaire sur la lagune avec des coquilles qu’on accroche avec des huîtres, qui peuvent venir faire leur cycle de vie pour pouvoir donner des huîtres plus tard » dixit ce dernier. Outre cette technique, il existe pieux explorer au Sénégal pour l’élevage des huîtres. L’ostréiculture est donc un itinéraire pour contrer la destruction des mangroves.
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