COMMERCIALISATION DES PRODUITS APICOLES AU BÉNIN : Une activité très rentable mais à condition
En constance évolution au Bénin, la commercialisation du miel et d’autres produits apicoles offre un bon marché et assure un revenu satisfaisant pour les producteurs. Mais, malgré ces potentialités économiques non négligeables, de nombreux défis restent à relever dans le maillon, et de surcroît dans la filière.
Le miel du Bénin
Jean-Baptiste HONTONNOU
Le miel est « la substance naturelle sucrée produite par les abeilles à partir du nectar des plantes ou à partir de sécrétions provenant d’insectes butineurs laissées sur les parties vivantes de plantes, que les abeilles butinent, transforment en les combinant avec des substances spécifiques qu’elles sécrètent elles-mêmes, déposent, déshydratent, emmagasinent et laissent affiner et mûrir dans les rayons de la ruche », selon le codex alimentarius. En plus de ce produit très prisé de partout, l’apiculture génère également la cire, le pollen, la propolis, la gelée royale, le venin d’abeilles etc.
« Le travail du miel est très rentable mais à condition », va affirmer John Dari, Agronome et Directeur de Apiservices Monde. En effet, « pour mieux sentir la rentabilité de l’activité, il faut aller au minimum à 50 voire 100 ruches dans son exploitation », c’est-à-dire, il est important de faire une production à grande quantité afin de sentir véritablement le revenu d’appoint qu’assure l’apiculture. Car, il est vrai que « ceux qui la pratiquent à hauteur de 10 voire 20 ruches la voit rentable parce qu’ils ne font pas de grands investissements mais ils ne savent pas ce qu’ils pourraient engranger comme bénéfices s’ils allaient au-delà de cette capacité », a-t-il mentionné. Par ailleurs, si le prix du miel varie d’un producteur à un autre, il faut dire qu’il serait très moins coûteux au Bénin contrairement à ce que pensent les acheteurs. Pour le secrétaire général de la Fédération des apiculteurs du Bénin, Soumanou Raimi, interrogé par nos confrères du quotidien Le Matinal, « payer le miel à 3500 F CFA ou à 4000 F CFA n’est pas du tout cher. Dans la sous-région, le prix pratiqué est plus élevé que celui du Bénin. Au Togo par exemple, le litre du miel est en moyenne à 5000 FCFA, pareil au Burkina Faso ». Le marché du miel est donc non seulement rentable pour les producteurs mais profite également aux consommateurs locaux. L’autre nouvelle est qu’il le serait davantage si certains défis sont relevés.
Goulots d’étranglements et défis à relever
Selon Jonh Dari, « le système apicole au Bénin est totalement inorganisée », ce qui empêche la filière en elle-même de décoller et de réglementer la vente du miel. En fait, prédominé par la vente bord champ, la commercialisation du miel au Bénin a du fil à retordre. Sa demande étant forte, « les personnes de mauvaises intentions profitent pour mettre sur le marché du faux miel qui représente plus de 50% du vrai ». « Même dans les pharmacies, nous avons du faux miel qui est vendu », a-t-il poursuivi. Le second défi pour cet apiculteur est le manque de formation. Mais, il faut noter qu’aujourd’hui, il y a des entreprises émergentes qui travaillent dans ce sens pour mettre en place des dispositifs afin d’accompagner la filière. D’un autre côté, la filière est confrontée aux problèmes du vol et du vandalisme. Il s’agit des personnes de mauvaise foi qui volent le miel et saccagent les ruches des apiculteurs. Alors que selon Soumanou Raimi ce sont ces actes qui permettent à ces gens malintentionnés de vendre du miel partout et aux abords des voies publiques.
Pour donc pallier ces problèmes, il est crucial de mettre en application les textes en vigueur qui voudront que toute denrée alimentaire fasse l’objet d’autorisation avant sa mise sur marché. Des textes doivent être votés pour interdire et traquer ceux qui vendent du miel dans des conditions non adéquates. Aussi, faut-il que les vrais acteurs de cette filière arrivent à militer pour la certification des produits apicoles, ce qui constituerait l’un des moyens pour résoudre assez de problèmes.
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