CULTURE DE LA POMME DE TERRE AU BÉNIN : Un potentiel non exploité malgré l’opportunité
![CULTURE DE LA POMME DE TERRE AU BÉNIN : Un potentiel non exploité malgré l’opportunité](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/zhzhjzakal.png)
Pas trop cultivée au Bénin, la pomme de terre a quand-même un large marché dans le pays et ce dernier est majoritairement satisfait par l’exportation. Plombé donc par certaines difficultés que rencontrent les producteurs, le développement de cette filière serait un grand atout sur plusieurs plans.
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Oyéyèmi AGANI
Le Bénin est l’un des pays consommateurs de la pomme, d’où un marché à saisir. La demande de ce tubercule existe, mais ce qui constitue le grand goulot d’étranglement est sa production très timide.
En effet, la pomme de terre se produit au Bénin certes, mais pas en quantité suffisante. 156 tonnes de productions en 2021 contre 63 en 2020, la production de la pomme de terre au Bénin laisse toujours à désirer, car il est produit 2347 tonnes en moyenne en cinq ans. Et cela a probablement des raisons d’être. Selon l’Agronome socio-économiste Prosper Kountchaïnou, cette situation est due au manque de semence, un problème qui a du mal à être évacué. Aussi, y-a-t-il le problème du climat.
Au Bénin, la pomme de terre se produit massivement à Karimama, Malanville, Natittingou et Ouassa-Pehounco etc. Et ce, pour des motifs précis. « La pomme de terre se cultive sur ces terres en raison du climat favorisant sa production, notamment la saison sèche qui est caractérisée par une température allant de 12’C à 25’C », a indiqué l’Agronome. En ce qui concerne les semences, il convient de notifier que sa rareté est due au fait qu’elle ne soit pas vendue sur le territoire béninois.
« Il faut acheter la semence en France ou en Belgique et la transporter. Le transport se fait en chambre froide en respectant certaines conditions afin d’avoir le rendement normal »,
dixit Prosper Kountchaïnou.
La pomme de terre au Bénin, un potentiel vraiment inexploité ?
Considérant les statistiques de 1995 à 2016, l’on peut dire que le Bénin produit en moyenne 838 tonnes de pommes de terre par an. Une production comparée à une goutte d’eau au regard de la taille du marché béninois, c’est-à-dire qu’elle ne répond pas à la demande. Dans les années antérieures, selon Prosper Kountchaïnou, cette demande est estimée à 6500 tonnes.
En réalité, la pomme de terre étant un aliment de base largement consommé, elle constituerait une source de richesse tant pour l’économie locale. Ce tubercule, majoritairement importé des pays voisins tels que le Nigéria, le Burkina-Faso et le Togo mérite d’être massivement produit afin d’éviter la dépendance vis-à-vis de l’extérieur. Le Bénin dispose des conditions nécessaires pour assurer cette production. Seulement, il faut que l’Etat, garant de la sécurité alimentaire, s’implique dans la recherche de cette filière afin de mettre à la disposition des producteurs un dispositif de conservation. Ainsi, il faut une chambre froide à disposition des producteurs pour une bonne conservation de cette culture après récolte afin de les accompagner et de les encourager à plus produire.
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