PROTECTION DES OCÉANS : Un enjeu mondial joué sous la surface
GESTION ÉCOLOGIQUE DES ÉQUIPEMENTS NUMÉRIQUES EN FIN DE VIE : Une nécessité pour réduire la pollution électronique
- Environnement
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- 4 minutes read
Avec la prolifération de la technologie haut débit, le volume des déchets électroniques augmente de manière significative. Près de la moitié de l’impact environnemental du secteur numérique est attribuable aux équipements électroniques. Il est crucial de connaître les stratégies à adopter pour mieux gérer ces appareils en fin de vie.
Watson SAMA
Aujourd’hui, la moitié de l’impact environnemental du numérique est dû à nos équipements. En effet, selon les chiffres, pas moins de 54 millions de tonnes de déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques sont accumulées chaque année, soit environ 7,3 kg de déchets par personne, équivalant à 150 Empire State Building. Par ailleurs, 80 % de l’impact environnemental est dû à la phase de fabrication, nécessitant l’extraction de matériaux lourds et rares qui polluent. Par exemple, un rapport de l’Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU) prévoit que le volume de déchets électroniques atteindra jusqu’à 74 millions de tonnes d’ici à 2030 au Bénin, soit 20 fois plus que les 2,9 millions de tonnes générées par le continent en 2019. Cependant, ces données alarmantes ne semblent pas diminuer en raison de la croissance des ventes d’appareils contenant des substances toxiques telles que le plomb, le cadmium et le mercure, contaminant le sol, l’eau et l’air. Par ailleurs, des solutions adaptées doivent être mises en place pour réduire cette source de pollution, qui est loin d’être résolue.
Des stratégies concrètes pour réduire la pollution électronique
Pour réduire la pollution électronique et gérer de manière plus écologique les équipements numériques en fin de vie, plusieurs stratégies concrètes peuvent être mises en place. Tout d’abord, il est essentiel de promouvoir le recyclage et la réutilisation des équipements électroniques usagés. Des programmes de collecte et de recyclage des déchets électroniques peuvent être mis en œuvre à l’échelle locale et nationale pour récupérer les matériaux précieux et réduire la quantité de déchets envoyés dans les décharges. De plus, encourager l’éco-conception des produits électroniques est primordial. En concevant des appareils plus durables, réparables et facilement recyclables, les fabricants peuvent intégrer des matériaux recyclés et réduire l’utilisation de substances toxiques dans leurs produits. Parallèlement, mettre en place des politiques de Responsabilité Élargie du Producteur (REP) est une mesure efficace selon le rapport sur les Pratiques stratégies de gestion des déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques du Forum économique mondial. Cela obligera donc les fabricants à prendre en charge la collecte et le traitement des équipements électroniques en fin de vie, les encourageant ainsi à concevoir des produits plus durables et à investir dans des solutions de recyclage efficaces. Favoriser l’économie circulaire en encourageant la réparation, la remise à neuf et la revente d’équipements électroniques usagés est également cruciale. Les programmes d’incitation fiscale et les subventions peuvent encourager les entreprises et les consommateurs à opter pour des solutions de réutilisation plutôt que d’achat de nouveaux produits. Enfin, sensibiliser le public aux enjeux de la pollution électronique et à l’importance de la gestion responsable des équipements numériques en fin de vie est indispensable. Des campagnes d’information et d’éducation peuvent encourager les comportements responsables et promouvoir l’adoption de pratiques écologiques. En intégrant ces stratégies dans les politiques publiques et les pratiques commerciales, il est possible de réduire efficacement l’impact environnemental des équipements numériques et de promouvoir une gestion plus écologique des déchets électroniques.
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