RECOLTE ET STOCKAGE DU SESAME : Pour éviter des pertes, certaines techniques idoines sont nécessaires
Principalement cultivé pour ses graines oléagineuses, le sésame est plante herbacée originaire d’Afrique. Largement utilisé dans la cuisine et apprécié pour ses différentes vertus, certains producteurs ignorent inlassablement comment le stoker et le protéger contre les insectes ravageurs.
Oyéyèmi AGANI
C’est l’un des oléagineux alimentaires qui se développe dans les sols profonds et de très bonne perméabilité à en croie les propos du producteur Bertrand Zannou. Le sésame est une plante cultivée dans de nombreuses régions du monde. Au Bénin, il est cultivé surtout dans le département de l’Atacora (précisément à Tanguiéta), situé au Nord-Ouest du pays, une région par excellence agricole. Cette céréale fait partie des aliments les plus riches en antioxydants. Procurant aux producteurs d’importants revenus, la culture connait de nos jours un fort développement. Certes c’est une plante facile à cultiver mais les mauvaises opérations de récolte, de battage et de stockage dégradent sa qualité.
En effet, les graines du sésame sont les sources premières à protéger pour avoir un bon rendement après la culture. Quand le sésame est trop mur sur pied, les capsules s’ouvrent et versent leurs graines. Ce qui est à la base de la perte des graines. « Le sésame doit être récolté si la tige devient jaunâtre et les capsules de base brunissent », confie Bertrand Zannou, producteur de sésame. Les feuilles commencent ainsi à tomber et la récolte se fait sur une bonne période pour que les capsules ne s’éclatent pas et que les graines ne se versent pas au le sol. Quelques jours avant la récolte, il est important d’aménager une aire de séchage dans le champ ou à côté. Une aire propre, sèche et protégée contre la divagation des animaux.
« Je balaie l’aire de séchage que j’aménage et j’apporte de la boue de vache, du banco et du sel pour rendre le sol compact. Elle empêche les termites et les fourmis d’attaquer les sésames. Après, j’y verse de la cendre qui repoussera les fourmis et les termites des bords du sésame »,
explique le producteur. Si le champ est grand, il convient de faire plusieurs aires. Aussi, certains producteurs mettent-ils les bottes de sésame sur le toit pour les sécher et les protéger contre les dégâts des animaux. Parfois, d’autres installent des claies dans l’aire des séchages pour éviter que les graines de sésame tombent sur le sol.
« Nous prenons des mesures pour éviter des dégâts lors du séchage. Si nous voyons des fourmilières, nous y mettons de la cendre pour les chasser »,
laisse-t-il entendre. En ce moment, les capsules sont bien sèches et libèrent facilement les graines. Il est important d’éviter le battage au le sol, car cette méthode contribue à introduire des impuretés comme le sable, les cailloux et des autres débris des végétaux. Cela détériore la qualité du sésame.
En outre, il faut étaler des bâches, des fibres plastiques ou des sacs sur l’aire de séchage pour éviter les pertes de graines ou l’introduction des impuretés et les attaques des fourmis ou termites qui sont des ennemis redoutables pour le sésame. Il est de même important de secouer doucement les bottes avec la main ou les coups de petits bâtons pour débarrasser les graines de leur capsule.
L’ennemi principal du sésame lors du stockage est l’humidité car elle provoque des moisissures sur les graines et dégrade leur qualité. Pour ce faire, il est essentiel de choisir un local bien aéré, de s’assurer que le toit ne coule pas lorsqu’il pleut. Il faut donc stocker les sacs de sésame sur des palettes, sur des planches ou des branches d’arbres pour éviter tout contact direct avec le sol et permettre à l’air de circuler dans l’entrepôt. Car l’humidité et les insectes nuisibles peuvent affecter les sacs au contact du sol, des murs et des piliers.
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