RÉSILIENCE FACE AU CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE : Les indicateurs traditionnels, un instrument majeur pour s’adapter
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Alors que les défis du changement climatique se multiplient à travers le monde, une lueur d’espoir émerge des savoirs et connaissances enracinés localement. Ces connaissances endogènes, transmises de génération en génération au sein des communautés, se révèlent être des outils puissants pour faire face aux impacts dévastateurs du changement climatique. En quoi donc contribuent-ils à la résilience ?
Watson SAMA
Les communautés indigènes et locales possèdent une richesse de connaissances sur la biodiversité, les cycles naturels, et les techniques agricoles adaptées à leurs environnements spécifiques. Ces savoirs traditionnels ont permis à ces populations de s’adapter aux changements climatiques pendant des siècles, en développant des pratiques résilientes et durables. En effet, les indicateurs des stades de développement de certaines espèces végétales permettent d’anticiper le temps à venir. Les communautés indigènes et locales possèdent une richesse de connaissances sur la biodiversité, les cycles naturels, et les techniques agricoles adaptées à leurs environnements spécifiques. Ces savoirs traditionnels ont permis à ces populations de s’adapter aux changements climatiques pendant des siècles, en développant des pratiques résilientes et durables. Selon l’ethno climatologue Akibou Atindélé, « la floraison de l’Eritrina senegalesi est un indicateur d’entrée en période sèche ». De même, de jeunes fleurs en plein cœur de la saison sèche indiquent les précautions à prendre par la population et servent de calendrier. Eustache Bokonon-Ganta, Expert International en Climatologie, souligne également que « la floraison du flamboyant notifie la présence de la saison sèche ». Malgré la destruction rapide de l’environnement, ces indicateurs de paramètres spécifiques tels que la pluie, l’orage etc, continuent d’aider les producteurs dans leurs activités agricoles.
Comment valoriser ces indicateurs endogènes ?
Ces savoirs et connaissances endogènes doivent être capitalisés et non négligés. Cependant, les repères continuent d’être érodés. « Il faut une complémentarité avec le milieu scientifique », ajoute l’ethno climatologue. Au niveau international, l’article 7, paragraphe 5 de l’Accord de Paris en 2015, prend en compte la question des savoirs endogènes détenus par ces communautés locales. Par ailleurs, selon Médard Ouinakonhan, directeur du changement climatique au ministère du cadre de vie, au niveau national, ces réflexions ont incité la communauté internationale à prendre des décisions sérieuses. De plus, la mise en place de la plateforme des communautés locales et autochtones dans le domaine des changements climatiques vise à conserver les données et connaissances détenues par ces populations, comme l’a souligné Médard Ouinakonhan. En somme, les savoirs et connaissances endogènes représentent un pilier essentiel de la résilience face au changement climatique. En valorisant et en intégrant ces savoirs dans les politiques et pratiques environnementales, nous pouvons mieux protéger notre planète et construire un avenir plus durable pour tous.
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