PRODUCTION ET CONSERVATION DE L’AUBERGINE:Un légume à texture douce et très prisé dans les recettes culinaires
![PRODUCTION ET CONSERVATION DE L’AUBERGINE:Un légume à texture douce et très prisé dans les recettes culinaires](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/aubergines-1.jpg)
L’aubergine africaine est une plante potagère de la famille des ‘‘Solanaceae’’ connue sous le vocable local de ‘‘Agbissan’’, elle est cultivée pour son fruit souvent de couleur violette. Très peu calorique, ce légume est une importante source de vitamines, de minéraux, d’oligo-éléments, de composés antioxydants et de fibres. Elle est utilisée pour la préparation de sauces, du riz au gras, et rentre parfois dans la composition des salades. Au Benin, une forte production est enregistrée dans l’atlantique et souvent pendant la saison des pluies. Les plus petits apprécient généralement sa texture douce et fondante, à saveur tendre. Mais comment la cultive-t-on ? Comment bien la conserver ?
![](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/aubergines-1.jpg)
Yélian Martine AWELE
L’aubergine peut être cultivée pendant toute l’année. Il s’agit d’une plante qui peut supporter les températures élevées du nord du pays. Elle demande un climat relativement chaud (optimum 27°C) pour fournir une récolte abondante et de qualité.
« Un sol léger, profond, bien drainé et riche en matière organique est l’idéal pour sa production », fait savoir Noel Oga, maraîcher. L’aubergine est plus sensible aux sols acides. Pour mener à bien la production, il faut labourer le sol en y incorporant de la matière organique bien décomposée (fiente de volailles, compost). Selon Noel Oga, la culture d’aubergine suit une étape bien définie. Il recommande aux producteurs de : confectionner des planches de 1 m de large et de longueur variable suivant la quantité de semences (3 g de semences pour 1 m² de pépinière) ; semer les graines en ligne dans des sillons espacés de 15 à 20 cm à une profondeur de 1 à 2 cm ; prévoir en moyenne 300 g de semences pour couvrir un hectare de 10t/ha, soit 1 kg/ poquet ; arroser copieusement les poquets avant transplantation des plants. Repiquer les plants vigoureux (au stade 3 à 4 vraies feuilles) ; arroser immédiatement après repiquage. Le spécialiste note également qu’il est important d’apporter à la plante les éléments nutritifs nécessaires à sa croissance après sa transplantation (fumure d’entretien).
En effet, la fumure d’entretien peut être uniquement organique ou organo-minérale. Après cette étape, il faut passer à la fertilisation du sol. Pour la fertilisation, il faut un apport en fiente de volailles et un entretien adéquat de la pépinière afin de lutter contre les ravageurs.
Entre autres méthodes de lutte, on note : « la désinfection du sol par solarisation, l’utilisation des tourteaux de neem, l’utilisation de produits à base de neem, la pulvérisation avec des produits à base d’acétamipride et lambda-cyhalothrine. Il faut aussi le buttage (réaliser des buttes de sable autour de la base racinaire afin de soutenir l’enracinement de la plante), le désherbage (nettoyer régulièrement le champ pour empêcher la compétition entre adventices et la culture), l’élagage (cette opération consiste à couper les branches situées jusqu’à 30 cm à partir du collet de la plante), le tuteurage qui consiste à utiliser au besoin des tuteurs (bois) pour servir d’appui aux plants d’aubergine.
![](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/aub.jpg)
![](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/aubi.jpg)
Conservation de l’aubergine
Pour conserver les aubergines, il faut les plonger 2 minutes dans de l’eau bouillante pour les blanchir. « Egouttez-les et refroidissez-les aussitôt. Mettez-les en sachets de 600 g si vous êtes 4 car cela vous fera des portions prêtes à être utilisées. Ils se conservent 12 mois au congélateur. Vous pouvez conserver des aubergines crues au frigo, il suffit de les ranger dans le bac à légumes. Vous pouvez faire de même avec des aubergines cuites. Pour cela, rangez votre plat dans une boîte hermétique et déposez-la au réfrigérateur. Faire cuire les aubergines dans l’eau bouillante pendant environ 20 minutes. Elles doivent ramollir. À la fin, les égoutter et les laisser refroidir dans une passoire », mentionne Léontine Awa, gérante du centre de vente de fruits, Le local. « L’essentiel des antioxydants est dans la peau de l’aubergine », explique le diététicien Grégoire Sagbo. « Il vaut donc mieux ne pas la peler. Autre conseil : si vous aimez les déguster bien fondantes et les préférer moins amer, mieux vaut les choisir plus petites », note-t-il.
Le maintien de la qualité avant commercialisation nécessite de prévenir l’apparition des altérations physiologiques dues au froid en respectant les conditions de stockage.
Par ailleurs, « les aubergines apportent une bonne dose : d’éléments nutritifs: protides, lipides, glucides, fibres ; de vitamines: A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, C, E, Bêta-carotène ; de minéraux: potassium, magnésium, manganèse, calcium, phosphate, fer, cuivre, sodium, zinc, iode, nickel », ajoute Clarisse Mankponssè, nutritionniste.
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