PRODUCTION AGRICOLE : Le côté utile inexploité des plantes adventices
Généralement appelées « mauvaises herbes », les plantes adventices sont celles combattues par les producteurs à travers les herbicides et autres méthodes traditionnelles. Ignorant leurs différentes vertus, les agriculteurs et autres acteurs du secteur agricole seraient en train de laisser passer sous leurs nez un remède incontournable à plusieurs de leurs maux culturaux.
Marie Chantal GBOGBO
« Adventices », Ce sont des plantes qui poussent dans un milieu sans qu’elle n’ait été introduite intentionnellement. Communément appelées plantes envahissantes ou mauvaises herbes, les adventices sont combattues par les producteurs par plusieurs manières. En majeure partie, elles sont coupées et jetées au feu. D’autres utilisent les pesticides pour s’en débarrasser. Pour une catégorie de personne, ces herbes sont nocives, sauvages et futiles.
En effet, depuis plusieurs années, l’idée qui est faite de ces dernières est qu’elles sont dangereuses pour un meilleur rendement des productions agricoles, mais les études récemment menées disent le contraire. Il est possible que ces herbes soient utiles et que les producteurs en tirent profits. Disco-Weed, une étude publiée en mai 2020 dans frontiers in sustainable food system, montre que ces plantes se révèlent être en réalité de grandes alliées dans les écosystèmes agricoles. L’étude prouve qu’elles favorisent non seulement le contrôle des ravageurs mais aussi des cultures. Ces herbes sont également capables de soutenir la fertilité du sol et des fonctions associées aux cycles du carbone, de l’azote et du phosphore et de constituer une source de pollinisation.
Parlant de la fertilité du sol, il en ressort en premier lieu que les herbes spontanées structurent le sol et l’améliore. « Ces plantes peuvent fournir des indications sur la qualité de la terre. C’est ce qu’on appelle les plantes bioindicatrices », peut-on lire dans un article blog publié sur Portagerbio expliquant « les 4 avantages des mauvaises herbes ». De même, il est souligné que leur système racinaire participe à l’aération du sol tout en activant, tout autour des racines, une vie biologique qui est composée d’une multitude d’espèces remplissant différentes fonctions (aération du sol, dégradation, transformation, transport des minéraux etc …) permettant de nourrir les plantes, d’améliorer et de travailler à la fertilisation des terres.
Dans un second temps, les recherches sur les mauvaises herbes ont beaucoup avancé débouchant ainsi sur la fabrication des biofertilisants. Au Bénin, le travail concluant de Bienvenu CHABI ADJE, chercheur environnementaliste, en est la preuve parfaite. Ce dernier a fabriqué un biofertilisant organique liquide en quatre étapes. La première consiste à la collecte des plantes adventices que l’on connait et que l’on maîtrise. La deuxième étape concerne la mise en bio minéralisation, c’est-à-dire, la mise en contact avec le micro-organisme qui est la phase de l’extraction des minéraux. La troisième étape, est celle du dosage. Une fois l’extraction terminée, il faut aller doser au laboratoire pour connaître la composition d’un de ces extraits. Pour finir, il faut passer à l’étape de la formulation. A ce niveau, il faut combiner les différents éléments obtenus pour composer le fertilisant répondant aux besoins de la culture ciblée. Alors, il est important de souligner que ce biofertilisant fabriqué par le chercheur a été déjà testé dans un village de la commune de Sô-Ava où les producteurs étaient confrontés à d’énormes difficultés engendrées par les conditions climatiques. Son efficacité prouve que les mauvaises herbes ont de nombreux secrets exploitables que beaucoup de personnes ignorent.
Il serait donc préférable d’approfondir encore plus les recherches afin d’en tirer tous les profits pour une productivité rentable et plus durable.Haut du formulaireBas du formulaire
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