JACINTHE D’EAU : un antidote pour la protection écologique du marécage ?
![JACINTHE D’EAU : un antidote pour la protection écologique du marécage ?](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Jacinthe-deau-850x560.jpg)
Classées dans la catégorie des espèces invasives exotiques, les jacinthes ont des atouts bénéfiques pour la qualité des eaux. Notamment, certaines variétés comme la phragmite Karka etc. Quelles sont les impacts de ces dernières sur les marécages ?
Watson SAMA
Longtemps considérées comme un poison pour les eaux et la biodiversité, les jacinthes sont des espèces qui colonisent les plans et cours d’eau. Elles se reproduisent principalement par voie végétative, par stolons, qui finissent par former des plantes filles. Selon une science, elle peut se multiplier en 655000 plantes en huit mois. En effet, la propagation de la jacinthe est conditionnée par les facteurs écologique du milieu. Notamment, la baisse de salinité favorisant ainsi la prolifération de la jacinthe nuisible pour la biodiversité marine. Par ailleurs, ils existent plusieurs variétés de plantes exotiques bénéfiques pour la qualité des eaux. Il s’agit en réalité des phragmites Karka, de l’Ipomoea aquatica qui doit être prise en compte dans la protection écologique du marécage.
Les jacinthes, probables solutions pour la dépollution des eaux
À part sa valorisation en divers produits, certaines variétés de jacinthes jouent des rôles important dans la préservation des nids et cours d’eau. À cet effet, selon Lambertini et alg., 2006, la phragmite Karka, poaceae atteignant plus de 2m de hauteur, intervient dans le traitement biologique des eaux usées et des effluents industriels, en plus d’être un bio-indicateur de la fertilité du sol et utile à la reforestation. Elle forme également d’importantes aires d’alimentations et de reproduction de l’ichtyofaune, les poules-d’eau, les canards d’eau et autres espèces animales. Outre cette plante, d’après Göthberth et al., 2002, il y a l’Ipomoea aquatica, une liane à tige flottante, formant un tapis vert violacé à la surface de l’eau. Elle laisse l’eau s’écouler tout en infiltrant les polluants, y compris les métaux lourds. Les jeunes pousses et la plante entière servent également d’alimentation pour l’homme ainsi que pour les animaux. Les jacinthes ne sont donc pas toutes nuisibles mais constituent également un dépolluant pour ces plans et cours d’eau et doivent être protégées.
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