OBESITE INFANTILE AU BENIN : Une situation nuisible à la santé des enfants
![OBESITE INFANTILE AU BENIN : Une situation nuisible à la santé des enfants](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/dnz.jpg)
L’obésité, aussi appelé le surpoids, est une accumulation anormale ou excessive de gras corporel. Gravement nuisible à la santé, c’est une maladie qui sévit aussi bien dans le rang des adultes que des enfants. Comment se manifeste-t-elle chez les enfants et quels sont ses symptômes ?
![](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/dnz.jpg)
Oyéyèmi AGANI
Généralement, on parle de l’obésité lorsque le poids d’un individu est supérieur à son poids idéal et cela se mesure par rapport à la taille. C’est en effet, un excès de gras plus important que l’embonpoint. Pour déterminer si un enfant a un problème de poids, les médecins utilisent souvent l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC). Chez les enfants, l’interprétation de l’IMC doit toutefois être adaptée pour tenir compte de l’âge et du sexe. « Réellement, il n’y a pas un signe partant mais voyant que l’enfant par rapport à son âge devient plus corpulent et a plus d’embonpoint, on peut penser à l’obésité », souligne le médecin David Djanta. Les valeurs d’IMC utilisées chez l’adulte ne sont donc pas remplacées pour les enfants. Vers l’adolescence, cette mesure peut être remplacée par le tour de taille.
En réalité, les habitudes alimentaires constituent les vrais facteurs de l’obésité chez les enfants, comme par exemple « le sommeil et le métabolisme chez l’homme ». Une mauvaise alimentation à laquelle contribue l’industrie alimentaire (la restauration rapide, les plats préparés, très grosses portions etc), plus de sucre consommé, une alimentation riche en gras et en sel. Notons qu’« indépendamment de l’alimentation, les troubles de fonctionnement au niveau de l’organisme peuvent conduire un enfant à une prise excessive de poids ». Parfois, le mauvais comportement des parents de laisser les enfants consommer tout ce qu’ils veulent amène ceux-ci à dépenser moins d’énergie et à en accumuler davantage. Et cette énergie accumulée se transforme en graisse qui s’amasse dans l’organisme et conduit à l’obésité chez les enfants.
Aussi, la sédentarisation, le manque d’activité physique et le nombre d’heures passées devant les écrans, la génétique jumelée au milieu de vie, le statut socioéconomique et certaines maladies permettent-ils le développement de cette maladie. Ce qui entraine des panoplies de conséquences sur la santé physique et mentale des enfants. Pour donc y remédier, il faut en premier lieu, « une alimentation équilibrée, un bon sommeil et surtout une habitude de manger à bonne heure », affirme le médecin. Il faut également privilégier l’eau lorsque l’enfant a soif, éteindre les écrans en mangeant, réviser le menu de toute la famille en privilégiant des aliments nourrissants et limiter les aliments gras ou sucrés.
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