PRODUCTION DURABLE DU RIZ AU BÉNIN : Un objectif réalisable grâce à la mise à l’échelle de la norme SRP
![PRODUCTION DURABLE DU RIZ AU BÉNIN : Un objectif réalisable grâce à la mise à l’échelle de la norme SRP](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/suoqkjzlsi.jpg)
Produire durablement le riz au Bénin constitue l’un des défis majeurs du gouvernement béninois depuis quelques années. Pour y parvenir, plusieurs stratégies sont en train d’être explorées. Entre autres, nous avons la norme SRP, qui finalement, confirme son statut du précurseur de la durabilité dans la production rizicole au Bénin.
![](https://lerural.bj/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/suoqkjzlsi.jpg)
Jean-Baptiste HONTONNOU
« Avant pour produire le riz, nous faisons appel à plusieurs pratiques comme l’utilisation des engrais chimiques et autres systèmes qui entrainent l’émission des gaz à effet de serre », fait comprendre Rosanoff Koukè, chercheur à l’Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin. La riziculture au Bénin dépendait entièrement des engrais chimiques et autres pratiques qui mettent en péril l’environnement et ses composants. Et autre autre chose n’était préoccupante que de rendre cette filière plus durable et respectable des enjeux environnementaux auxquels le monde fait face. Pour atteindre cet objectif, l’une des alternatives les plus adéquates est de promouvoir la production biologique et saine du riz.
En effet, dans le but d’accompagner les acteurs de la filière riz dans un processus de transition agro-écologique en favorisant des systèmes alimentaires plus durables et plus résilients au changement climatique dans la zone d’intervention du programme DEFIA, un projet a été mis sur pied. Il s’agit du projet « Renforcement de la résilience des acteurs de la filière de riz au Bénin face aux changements climatiques et approvisionnement durable des villes en riz sain ». Il a été mis en œuvre par le consortium RIKOLTO/CCR-B du janvier 2022 au mois d’août 2023. Parmi les stratégies adoptées, il y figure la norme SRP (Plateforme de Production Durable du riz) dont les outils ont été utilisés dans les exploitations familiales rizicoles et également ont servi pour la certification sociale/biologique dans les clusters.
Alors, pour le chercheur Rosanoff, « la norme SRP nous permet d’avoir la durabilité dans la production. Cette durabilité est non seulement pour les producteurs mais également pour les commerçants et les consommateurs ». Et c’est ce que va confirmer sans ambiguïté quelques-uns de ces derniers. Ayant suivis plusieurs formations et pratiqués les outils de cette norme dans leurs exploitations ou à travers les champs écoles paysans (CEP), ces producteurs se trouvent totalement satisfaits et pensent que c’est ce qu’il faut pour la durabilité de la filière riz au Bénin. Pour Sènandé Codjo Benjamin, relais au niveau du cluster Matekpo de Grand-Popo, « les formations reçues dans le cadre de cette norme ont permis d’approfondir les connaissances dans la durabilité de la production de riz. A cause de cette norme, il y a eu de l’innovation dans les pratiques endogènes et un changement de comportement au niveau de la production ». D’un autre côté, Djossou Victorin, producteur sur le site de Tangbédji à Zogbodomè, pense que « la norme SRP est le socle de la production durable du riz au Bénin ». Si pour lui, elle a facilité la production à moindre coût, le rendement à l’issue de l’usage de ses outils est tout aussi merveilleux. Ainsi, la norme SRP est qualifiée du sauveur de la riziculture béninoise et ce, grâce à Rikolto, au Conseil de Concertation des Riziculteurs du Bénin (CCR-B) et le programme de Développement de l’Entreprenariat dans les Filières Agricoles (DEFIA) mis en œuvre par Enabel.
Quand les chiffres confirment la véracité des dires
En moins de vingt moins de mise en œuvre du projet, la norme SRP a été promue auprès de six (06) clusters. A ce niveau, elle a permis aux producteurs d’autoévaluer leurs pratiques agricoles rizicoles, d’identifier les besoins spécifiques et de mettre en place des plans d’amélioration. Le nombre de participants a presque doublé, passant de 1462 à 2145, et le statut de durabilité du riz produit est considérablement amélioré : les superficies « PAS DURABLES » étant passées de 954,65 Ha à 300,6 Ha ; superficies « TENDANT VERS DURABLES » de 245,57 Ha à 794,02 Ha ; et enfin les superficies « DURABLES » de 0 Ha à 213,40 Ha.
Par ailleurs, une mise en place de quatre-vingt-un (81) champs écoles paysans (CEP) a été effective. Ils ont permis aux agriculteurs d’expérimenter et ensuite de répliquer dans leurs propres champs et au sein de leurs communautés, des techniques agroécologiques et l’utilisation d’engrais naturels tels que le vermis-compost et l’urée enrobée neem. Dans ce cadre, il faut signaler que le cluster Matekpo a été accompagné dans son processus de certification BIO via le système Participatif de Garantie. Ainsi se présentent les chiffres que ce projet a permis d’obtenir.
Pour donc garder le flambeau et élargir cette riche transition, « il est important de pérenniser les acquis de cette norme et d’autres stratégies » qui œuvrent pour la production durable du riz au Bénin. C’est le fondamental selon Pascal Gbayi, Coordonnateur national de Rikolto, pour garantir l’autosuffisance alimentaire à travers la production du riz.
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